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Ijara and Ijara Wa Iqtina
Ijara simply means a leasing or employment contract. There are two types of Ijara, the first being a contract of renting, hiring or leasing. The second is Ijara Wa Iqtina, which is also called Ijara Muntahiya Bitamleek, which is leasing with an undertaking from the Leasor to sell the equipment or the facility at the end of the rental term or to provide the leased property as a gift to the Lessee provided the Lessee pays the entire required rental within the specified period.
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Istisna’a
Istisna’a is a sales transaction where a commodity is sold before it comes into existence. For example this mode of financing may be used for home financing where the client owns land and seeks financing for the construction of a house, the financier can provide him with a constructed house on a specified piece of land.
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Murabaha
Murabaha is a sale whereby the bank purchases a commodity on the order of a client and then sells it to the client on a cost plus profit basis. The cost incurred by the bank for the commodity and the intended profit rate is pre-agreed by the client.
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Salam
Salam is a sales transaction where a commodity, usually horticultural or agricultural goods, is sold before it comes into existence. The price of the commodity must be paid in advance to make the transaction valid.
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Musharaka
Musharaka literally means sharing. In Islamic finance Musharaka means a joint enterprise, (partnership), in which all partners share the profit according to a specific ratio. Loss is shared according to the ratio of the capital contribution each partner invested.
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Mudharaba
Mudharaba is a partnership where one partner gives money to another for investing in a commercial enterprise while the other utilizes his or her business skills. The profits generated are shared in a ratio by mutual agreement. But the loss, if any, is borne only by the owner of the capital, in which case the entrepreneur gets nothing for his labour.
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Riba Al-Fadl
Riba Al-Fadl means the excess which is taken in exchange of specific homogenous commodities, such as selling gold with another gold, whereby one has more weight than the other.
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Riba Al-Nasiah
Riba Al-Nasiah, or deferred usury, is related to extension of the repayment period for additional payment of money. It is also called Riba Jahiliyyah which was a pre-Islam form of usury and the worst of its kind.


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